Vehicle dynamics (space vehicle dynamics) is the academic and engineering discipline dedicated to the study of the motion of space vehicles, encompassing both their translational trajectory through space and their rotational attitude. This field investigates the principles governing how space vehicles move and orient themselves under the influence of various internal and external forces and torques, such as propulsion, gravitational fields, aerodynamic forces (during atmospheric ascent or re-entry), solar radiation pressure, and control system actuation. As a fundamental aspect within the broader domains of space vehicles and aerospace systems, understanding vehicle dynamics is essential for the analysis, design, simulation, guidance, navigation, and control of spacecraft and launch vehicles, enabling effective mission planning, execution, and anomaly resolution.